Enteropathogensddetected in a daycare center, sutheastern Brazil: bacteria, viirus, and parasite research / Enteropatógenos detectados em crianças de creche no Sudeste do Brasil: pesquisa de bactérias, vírus e parasitos

Introduction: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and etiological profile of enteropathogens in children from a daycare center. Methods: From October 2010 to February 2011 stool samples from 100 children enrolled in a government daycare center in the municipality of São José do Rio Preto, in the state of São Paulo, were collected and analyzed. Results: A total of 246 bacteria were isolated in 99% of the fecal samples; 129 were in the diarrheal group and 117 in the non-diarrheal group. Seventy-three strains of Escherichia coli were isolated, 19 of Enterobacter, one of Alcaligenes and one of Proteus. There were 14 cases of mixed colonization with Enterobacter and E. coli. Norovirus and Astrovirus were detected in children with clinical signs suggestive of diarrhea. These viruses were detected exclusively among children residing in urban areas. All fecal samples were negative for the presence of the rotavirus species A and C. The presence of Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba coli, Endolimax nana and hookworm was observed. A significant association was found between food consumption outside home and daycare center and the presence of intestinal parasites. Conclusions: For children of this daycare center, intestinal infection due to pathogens does not seem to have contributed to the occurrence of diarrhea or other intestinal symptoms. The observed differences may be due to the wide diversity of geographical, social and economic characteristics and the climate of Brazil, all of which have been reported as critical factors in the modulation of the frequency of different enteropathogens.

Introdução: O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência e o perfil etiológico de enteropatógenos em crianças de uma creche. Métodos: No período de outubro de 2010 a fevereiro de 2011 foram coletadas e analisadas amostras de fezes de 100 crianças matriculadas em creche do governo no município de São José do Rio Preto, Estado de São Paulo. Resultados: Um total de 246 bactérias foram isoladas em 99% das amostras de fezes; 129 eram diarreicas e 117 não-diarreicas. Foram isoladas setenta e três cepas de Escherichia coli, 19 de Enterobacter, uma de Alcaligenes e uma de Proteus. Foram detectados 14 casos de colonização mista com Enterobacter e de E. coli. Norovírus e Astrovirus foram detectados em crianças com sinais clínicos sugestivos de diarréia. Estes vírus foram detectados exclusivamente entre as crianças residentes em áreas urbanas. Todas as amostras fecais foram negativas para a presença das espécies de rotavírus A e C. Foi observada a presença de Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba coli, Endolimax nana e ancilostomídeos. Foi encontrada associação significativa entre o consumo de alimentos fora do centro da casa e creche e a presença de parasitos intestinais. Conclusões: Para as crianças desta creche, a infecção intestinal por patógenos não parece ter contribuido para a ocorrência de diarreia ou outros sintomas intestinais. As diferenças observadas podem ser atribuídas à grande diversidade de características geográficas, sociais e econômicas e o clima do Brasil, as quais tem sido relatadas como fatores críticos para a modulação da frequência de diferentes enteropatógenos.

Human intestinal capillariasis: A rare case report from non-endemic area (Andhra Pradesh, India).

Human intestinal capillariasis is caused by Capillaria philippinensis. This disease is endemic in Philippines and Thailand. To the best of our knowledge, we report the third case of human intestinal capillariasis from India and the first case from Andhra Pradesh, which is a non-endemic area. A 40-year-old female presented with diarrhoea, vomiting, decreased urinary output, ascitis, pedal oedema, hypoalbuminemia, and electrolyte imbalance. Microscopic examination of stool sample revealed the presence of ova, larvae, and adult worms of C. philippinensis. Patient recovered from the disease after taking albendazole 400 mg daily for 1 month along with supportive treatment.

Intestinal parasitic infections in HIV/AIDS patients: epidemiological, nutritional and immunological aspects

This study applied a socioeconomic questionnaire designed to evaluate the frequency of intestinal parasites and characterize epidemiological, nutritional, and immunological variables in 105 HIV/AIDS patients - with and without parasitic infections, attending the Day Hospital in Botucatu, UNESP, from 2007 to 2008. Body mass index was calculated and the following tests performed: parasitological stool examinations; eosinophil, IgE, CD4+ T and CD8+ T lymphocyte cell counts; albumin test; viral load measure; and TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-5 and IL-10 cytokine levels. Results were positive for parasitic intestinal infections in 12.4% of individuals. Most patients had good socioeconomic conditions with basic sanitation, urban dwellings, treated water supply and sewage, good nutritional and immunological status and were undergoing HAART. Parasites were found at the following frequencies: Entamoeba - five patients (38.5%), Giardia lamblia - four (30.7%), Blastocystis hominis - three (23.0%), Endolimax nana - two (15.4%), and Ascaris lumbricoides - one (7.7%). There were no significant differences between the two groups for eosinophils, albumin, IgE, CD4+ T and CD8+ T lymphocytes, INF-γ, IL-2, or IL-10. Most patients also showed undetectable viral load levels. Significant differences were found for TNF-α and IL-5. These results show the importance of new studies on immunodeficient individuals to increase understanding of such variables.(AU)

Infection Status of Estuarine Fish and Oysters with Intestinal Fluke Metacercariae in Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea

The source of human infection with intestinal flukes was surveyed in estuarine fishes, including the dotted gizzard shad, common sea bass, common blackish goby, redlip mullet, black sea bream, and oyster collected from Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea during August and September 2007. Collected fishes and oysters were artificially digested in pepsin-HCl solution and examined under a stereomicroscope. In 36 shads (Konosirus punctatus) and 20 basses (Lateolabrax japonicus) examined, Heterophyopsis continua metacercariae were found in 58.3% and 100%, and their average numbers were 12.0 and 6.3 per infected fish, respectively. In 34 gobies (Acanthogobius flavimanus) examined, metacercariae of H. continua were detected in 79.4%, Stictodora lari in 97.1%, and Acanthotrema felis in 92.1%, and their average numbers were 45.8, 189.3, and 235.3 per infected fish, respectively. In 37 redlip mullets (Chelon haematocheilus), Heterophyes nocens metacercariae were found in 56.8%, Pygidiopsis summa in 94.6%, and Stictodora fuscata in 45.9%, and the average metacercarial densities were 17.4, 31.3, and 35.1 per infected fish, respectively. In 30 black sea breams (Acanthopagrus schlegeli) and 45 oysters (Crassostrea gigas) examined, no metacercariae were detected. From the above results, it has been confirmed that the dotted gizzard shad, common sea bass, common blackish goby, and redlip mullet from Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea are infected with the metacercariae of heterophyid flukes.

Survey of dogs' parasites in Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran

Dog is known to act as definitive host for some parasites that cause important diseases in man and animals. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of Neospora caninum and other intestinal parasites in dogs in Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran. A cross-sectional study was done concerning frequency of N. canium and other intestinal parasites in dogs in Mashhad area. Totally, 174 fecal samples from 89 farm dogs and 85 household dogs were collected from 2006 to 2007. Fecal samples were examined for detecting intestinal parasites by Mini Parasep [registered sign] SF faecal parasite concentrator in Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. The overall prevalence of other intestinal parasites in farm dogs and household dogs were 29.21% and 14.11%, respectively. Seven parasites were found in farm dogs as follows: Toxocara canis 17.9%, Taenia sp. 10.1%, Strongyloides stercoralis 5.6%, Hammondia Neo-spora-like oocysts [HNLO] 4.4%, Isospora sp. 7.8%, Sarcocystis sp. 7.8% and Giardia sp. 1.1% and four parasite in housed dogs: Toxocara. 4.4%, Taenia sp. 3.3%, Isospora sp. 2.3% and Sarcocystis sp. 4.7%. The fecal samples with HNLO were examined by N.caninum- specific PCR, and two of samples were positive for N. caninum. The farm and household dogs are the source of some important zoonotic and non-zoonotic diseases in Iran

Manipulador de alimentos: um fator de risco na transmissão de enteroparasitoses? / Foods handling: a risk factor in the transmission of intestinal parasites?

As enteroparasitoses ainda hoje constituem um grave problema de saúde pública, e os manipuladores de alimentos por sua vez, podem ser considerados potenciais transmissores das mesmas, uma vez que estes indivíduos podem ser portadores assintomáticos de microorganismos patogênicos ou não, e conseqüentemente, através de hábitos higiênicos inadequados, contaminam os alimentos por eles preparados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um levantamento sobre os treinamentos recebidos pelos manipuladores, seu conhecimento prévio sobre verminoses, execução de outras atividades antes da manipulação dos alimentos, além da realização periódica de exames de fezes. O estudo foi conduzido através da aplicação de um questionário e envolveu 116 manipuladores. Constatou-se que a maioria dos indivíduos entrevistados (78, 4 por cento) recebeu treinamento antes de assumirem seus cargos e 69,0 por cento realiza exames de fezes periodicamente. Apenas 25 por cento dos indivíduos realizam outras atividades antes da manipulação dos alimentos. Apesar dos bons índices encontrados no que se refere ao recebimento de treinamento e realização periódica de exames de fezes,a Vigilância Sanitária deveria agir com mais rigor no que se refere ao cumprimento do Programa de Controle Médico de Saúde Ocupacional, verificando com mais freqüência como está a saúde do manipulador nos estabelecimentos que comercializam alimentos.

Demographic and biochemical features associated to children infected with intestinal helminths

The objective of the study was to characterize demographic and clinical presentations of children with intestinal helminthiasis and also assess the effects of ascariasis on some plasma biochemical parameters. It was a cross-sectional community-based study carried out amongst rural children aged between 0-16 years. One stool sample per child was collected and examined microscopically for parasites. Stool smear positive children were studied and evaluated for clinical signs and symptoms. Blood was obtained from them and total protein, serum albumin, packed cell volume, vitamin C and E were determined in them as well as among children with stool parasite negative which served as controls. A total of 239 children were enrolled and had their stool samples collected, 147[61.5%] of the stool were infected. The most prevalent intestinal helminth was Ascaris lumbricoides 105[43.9%], Trichuris trichuria 28[11.7%] and Hookworm 14[5.9%]. The commonest complain among the children was diarrhea 40[27.2%] and the least vomiting 4[2.7%]. The commonest clinical finding was pallor 15[10.2%] and the least wheezing 3[2.0%]. Biochemically, the plasma total protein, albumin, Vitamin C and E as well as the PCV were significantly reduced in children with moderate and heavy Ascaris infection than controls. Heavy and moderate ascariasis are associated with various morbidities evident by both clinical and biochemical findings. Our findings should re-emphasize the need for all stakeholders to support and implement community-based control programmes of intestinal helminthiasis in Nigeria and other tropical countries

Roundworm infestation presenting as acute abdomen in four cases--sonographic diagnosis.

Infestation with Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm) is very common in the tropics and subtropics. Patients with ascariasis can be asymptomatic or may present with different clinical features in the form of simple nausea, decreased appetite, abdominal pain or more severe bowel obstruction, perforation, intussusception, biliary colic etc. Ultrasonography (USG) can be quick, safe, noninvasive and relatively inexpensive tool in diagnosing the presence of worms and also evaluating response to treatment (1, 2, and 3). Here we present four cases of roundworm infestation presenting with acute abdomen in the emergency department, which were diagnosed by USG and further imaging features of ascariasis on USG is described.

Tratamiento de la Amibiasis Intestinal Aguda: estudio comparativo Tinidazol/Teclozan Vs Secnidazol/Teclozán / Treatment of the acute intestinal ameobiasis: comparative study Teclozan/Tinidazol Vs Teclozan/Secnidazol

Se realizó un estudio controlado comparativo entre Tinidazol/Teclozan vs Secnidazol/Teclozan en el Estado Carabobo. El estudio fue efectuado en 160 pacientes del barrio El Carmen y de la Urbanización Alianza. Los resultados revelan que la combinación Secnidazol/Teclozan fue más efectiva que la combinación Tinidazol/Teclozan

Evaluation of a rapid screening assay for bacterial identification (Dot-ELISA) in fecal samples from children

Com o objetivo de padronizar um Dot Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (Dot-ELISA) para a deteccao de antigenos de enteropatogenos bacterianos fecais, estudaram-se 250 criancas, abaixo de 36 meses de idade, de ambos os sexos, 162 portadoras de gastroenterite aguda. Avaliou-se a eficacia de um teste rapido para bacterias enteropatogenas (Escherichia coli enteropatogenica "EPEC", Escherichia coli enteroinvasora "EIEC", Salmonella spp. e Shigella spp.)...

Aislamiento de Vibrio sp en pescado fresco del mercado de La Viga en México, D.F. / Isolation of Vibrio sp in fresh fish at \"La Viga\" market in Mexico city

Con el objetivo de aislar e identificar Vibrio cholerae 01 de pescado fresco del centro distribuidor La Viga en México, D.F., se analizaron 120 pescados de tres especies: Lisa (Mugil cephalus), sierra (Scomberomorus maculatus) y bagre (Aurius sp). El tamaño de la muestra se determinó por conveniencia. Las muestras fueron analizadas mediante las técnicas descritas por el Método Microbiológico internacional de la Food and Drugs Administration (FDA). Se observó una gran cantidad de vibrios sp, pero aisló Vibrio cholerae 01. Diez pescados tuvieron vibrios que producen algún tipo de infección: Vibrio cholerae no-01, V. harveyi y V. vulnificus. Estos fueron aislados de 4 bagres y 1 lisa procedentes de Nayarit, Guerrero, Tamaulipas y Campeche; 2 sierras y 1 bagre procedentes de Tamaulipas y 2 bagres, uno de Tamaulipas y el otro de Campeche. Fue significativo identificar otros tipos de vibrios, también importantes, por el hecho de estar asociados a Vibrio cholerae y por ser capaces de producir daños serios al hombre

Electrophysiology and immunity of the mucosa in intestinal infections

We present here some of the major concepts and approach to study the electrophysiology of the intestinal mucosa, and review the pathophysiology of intestinal infections caused by enteropathogenic bacteria, protozoa - specially our own work on experimental amebiasis using intestinal preparations mounted in the Ussing chamber - and nematodes, and finally discuss briefly the immunophysiology of the intestinal mucosa

Frequency of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in infants during the first three months of life

To know at what age infants begin to excrete entertoxçigenic Eschirichia coli from feces, we studied 30 infants belonging to low socioeconomic status during the first 3 months of life, taking 11 samples of feces from each infant, beginning at the day of birth. We detected LT and ST enterotoxins of E. coli using ELISA test. From the samples studied, 34 samples from 21 (70 per cent) infants were positive for LT. In four samples (1.2 per cent), the presence of LT-producing E. coli coincided with diarrhea, corresponding to three (10.0 per cent) from the infants studied. The earliest age that we observed LT-producing E. coli was day 0 (day of birth). We did not find ST + o LT/ST-producing E. coli strains. We concluded that ETEC strains are frequents findings in healthy infants, and its presence is too early in persons of low socioeconomic status

Diseminación de enteroparasitos por Calliphoridae (Insecta, Diptera) / Disemination of enteroparasites by Calliphoridae (Insecta, Diptera)

It is establish the dissemination enteroparasite by Calliphoridae in a district situated around by Federal Capital of Argentina. The species implicated in this dispersal are: Phaenicia sericata (meigen, 1826); Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830; Chrysomya chloropyga (Wiedemann, 1818) and Phaenicia eximia (Wiedemann, 1819). Fifty two flies was studies, thirty four (65%) to belong at the family Calliphoridae. Of this thirteen (38%) have eggs of taeniid and cysts of Entamoeba coli (Grassi, 1879) and Giardia lamblia Styles, 1915.